The study of Earth’s systems, including its physical structure, natural processes, and interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Earth sciences investigate phenomena such as weather, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions to understand our planet’s past, present, and future.
A new atmospheric study combines advanced chemical and hydrodynamic simulations to probe the deep atmosphere of Jupiter, providing new constraints on its oxygen content and revealing that vertical circulation inside the planet is far slower than long assumed.
A five-century precipitation record reconstructed from tree rings in eastern Spain shows that extreme drought and rainfall years have become roughly ten times more frequent since 2000 than at any point since the early 1500s.
A study of deep-sea sediments offshore the Pacific Northwest, published in Science Advances on January 14, 2026, shows that repeated megathrust earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone triggered widespread submarine landslides over the past ~7 500 years, leaving a detailed geological record preserved on the abyssal plain.
A new seismic imaging study reveals that the Rocky Mountains formed through the stacking of two massive layers of continental lithosphere beneath western Canada, overturning the long-held view that the range sits above a sharp vertical boundary in the deep Earth.
A new peer-reviewed study led by researchers at the University of Florida shows that heat waves across the eastern United States—especially in Florida—are substantially more severe when humidity is included in their measurement, based on nationwide climate data spanning 1981–2023.
Multi-ignition wildfires — fires that begin from multiple ignition points and later merge — were shown to drive a disproportionate share of extreme fire damage, according to a study published this month in Science Advances.
Solar radiation storms are extreme space weather phenomena in which high-energy particles from the Sun reach near-Earth space, posing operational risks to satellites and aviation. The latest rare S4 – Severe event on January 19, 2026, is the strongest since 2003, providing an opportunity to explain what solar radiation storms are and why scientists monitor them from Earth’s orbit to surface detectors.
A large earthquake swarm along the Scotia–Antarctica plate boundary between August 2020 and August 2021 was driven primarily by magma intrusion beneath the Bransfield Strait, according to a geodetic study published in Geophysical Journal International on December 13, 2025.
A new seismic study shows that swarms of tiny, low-frequency earthquakes beneath the Mendocino Triple Junction off Northern California reveal a previously unrecognized configuration of hidden faults and slab fragments, according to research published on January 15, 2026.
Researchers revealed that the Main Marmara fault in northwestern Türkiye has been rupturing progressively eastward for more than a decade, culminating into the strongest earthquake in over 60 years beneath the Sea of Marmara, a MW 6.2 quake on April 23, 2025. New findings raise concern that a locked fault segment south of Istanbul could generate a M7.0 earthquake in the future, rattling the city of 18 million people.
