The study of Earth’s systems, including its physical structure, natural processes, and interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Earth sciences investigate phenomena such as weather, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions to understand our planet’s past, present, and future.
Japanese researchers have identified geological traces in eastern Hokkaido linked to the Chicxulub asteroid impact that struck Earth about 66 million years ago, adding new East Asian evidence to the global record of the event widely associated with the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs.
A new analysis of geomagnetic observations from 1997 to 2025 shows that the unexpected reversal in Earth’s outer-core flow beneath the equatorial Pacific around 2010 has weakened since 2020, refining scientists’ understanding of one of the most unusual deep-Earth changes detected in recent decades.
Microscopic volcanic ash preserved in Greenland ice has been chemically matched to the Newberry Pumice eruption in Oregon, refining the eruption age to 686 ± 2 CE and extending its known ash footprint across the North Atlantic.
Preliminary measurements from the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite mapped parts of Mexico City and surrounding areas subsiding by more than 2 cm (0.8 inches) per month between October 25, 2025, and January 17, 2026, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) reported. JPL attributed the deformation in large part to groundwater pumping and long-term compaction of the ancient lakebed beneath the metropolitan area.
A new study suggests that Earth’s earliest continental crust may have formed through subduction-related processes more than 3.5 billion years ago. Researchers studying ancient rocks from Western Australia found evidence that magmas became progressively wetter and more oxidized during the Paleoarchean, supporting the idea that deep water recycling was already occurring inside the young Earth.
El Niño has an 82% chance of developing during May–July 2026 and a 96% chance of continuing through Northern Hemisphere winter 2026–27, NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center (CPC) reported on May 14. Current conditions remain ENSO-neutral, and CPC said peak strength remains substantially uncertain, with no strength category above 37%.
A study published in Frontiers in Earth Science presents isotopic evidence that parts of southern and central Africa may already be undergoing the early stages of continental breakup beneath a proposed tectonic corridor extending from Tanzania toward Namibia.
A recent study found that the Methana volcano in Greece remained inactive for over 100 000 years while magma continued accumulating beneath the surface, a process the authors describe as “silent” magma reservoir growth. This challenges the traditional idea of volcanic dormancy, in which volcanoes that haven’t erupted in the last 10 000 years are classified as dormant.
A first-of-its-kind continent-scale conductivity map made using over 1 700 magnetotelluric stations deployed across the United States has revealed buried tectonic fragments beneath eastern North America, allowing researchers to reconstruct the continent’s deep electrical structure while exposing conductive regions linked to ancient continental collisions, mineral systems, and geomagnetic storm hazard propagation.
A landslide-generated tsunami in Tracy Arm, Alaska, reached 481 m (1 578 feet) on August 10, 2025, ranking as the second-highest tsunami runup ever recorded, according to a study published in Science on May 6, 2026. More than 64 million m³ (2.3 billion ft³) of rock collapsed near South Sawyer Glacier.
