Series of phreatomagmatic eruptions at Taal volcano, Philippines
A minor phreatic eruption took place at Taal volcano in the Philippines on October 2, 2024, resulting in a plume that reached a height of 2 400 m (7 874) above sea level. This event is part of a series of 18 phreatic eruptions that began on September 22.
Phreatic eruption at Taal volcano on October 2, 2024. Image credit: PHIVOLCS
- Taal is a 311 m (1 020 feet) high volcano situated some 70 km (44 miles) south of the capital Manila (population 1.8 million), Philippines.
- With a history of powerful eruptions, including a fatal occurrence in 1911 and substantial activity in 2021, communities and aviation officials are encouraged to remain attentive and informed.
A minor phreatomagmatic eruption lasting 11 minutes took place at Taal Volcano on October 2, 2024.
The eruption produced a brief black jetted plume, followed by a steam-rich cloud that reached an altitude of 2 400 m (7 874 feet).
This event is part of a series of 18 phreatic eruptions that began on September 22, 2024.
The eruption was caused by the abrupt interaction of water with a small pocket of magma beneath the Taal Main Crater. Monitoring from PHIVOLCS shows that this interaction generated enough pressure to produce the plumes seen during the eruption.
According to PHIVOLCS, SO2 emissions averaged 2 532 tonnes on October 2 while the average SO2 emissions since January remain high at 6 712 tonnes/day.
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— PHIVOLCS-DOST (@phivolcs_dost) October 2, 2024
Phreatomagmatic eruption from Taal Volcano Island's Main Crater at 04:21 PM today, 02 October 2024, was captured by the thermal camera of the Daang Kastila Observation Station (VTDK) on the northern rim of the Main Crater. pic.twitter.com/j7OQFqq3A8
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— PHIVOLCS-DOST (@phivolcs_dost) October 2, 2024
1/2 Phreatomagmatic eruption from Taal Volcano Island's Main Crater at 04:21 PM today, 02 October 2024, was captured by the IP camera of the Agoncillo Observation Station (VTAG). pic.twitter.com/Jp2miHcxd7
Taal eruptions have a history of being deadly, with one disastrous episode in 1911 killing over 1 300 people.
More recently, in January 2021, thousands were evacuated as the volcano erupted in a towering column of gas and steam, demonstrating its ability to disrupt both locals’ daily lives and regional air travel.
PHIVOLCS has maintained Alert Level 1, warning that while a big eruption is not expected, there is still a potential for abrupt steam-driven explosions, volcanic earthquakes, and hazardous gas emissions.
Residents are encouraged to remain watchful, and entering the Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) is prohibited.
Local governments are asked to improve community readiness and watch for potential hazards. At the same time, aviation officials are advised to avoid flying near the volcano due to the dangers of airborne ash and volcanic materials.
References:
1 TAAL VOLCANO ADVISORY – PHIVOLCS – October 2, 2024
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