CERN: Unprecedented number of particles reached in record time at LHC
CERN reports that an unprecedented number of particles has been reached in record time at their Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
Just five weeks after physics resumed, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is already running at full throttle, their report said.
On Wednesday, June 28, 2017 the LHC established yet another record-breaking high, with 2556 proton bunches circulating in each direction of the accelerator. The beams in the LHC are made up of bunches of protons, spaced seven metres (25 nanoseconds) apart, with each one containing more than 100 billion protons. 2556 is the maximum possible number of bunches that can be reached with the beam preparation method currently used.
The particle bunches that are delivered to the LHC are prepared and accelerated by a chain of four accelerators. Since last year, a new method to group and split the bunches enables the particles to be squeezed even closer together. With an equal number of protons, the beam diameter was reduced by 40%. Denser bunches means a higher probability of collisions at the centre of the experiments.
This success has led to a new luminosity record for the LHC of 1.58×1034 cm-2s-1. This figure may not mean much to most of us, but it’s crucial for the accelerator’s experts. It measures the number of potential collisions per second and per unit of area. This new peak luminosity surpasses initial expectations defined by the original designs for the LHC, which hoped it could reach a maximum of 1×1034cm-2s-1.
This plot shows the values of the luminosity reached during the last few weeks by the LHC, with the record of 1.58×1034 cm-2s-1 achieved on Wednesday, June 28, 2017.
A higher luminosity means more collisions for the experiments collecting data: in just a few weeks ATLAS and CMS stored more than 6 inverse femtobarns, over an eighth of the total anticipated for the whole year.
Nevertheless, the operators cannot sit on their hands. Many parameters can be tuned to further improve the luminosity.
Next week, the LHC and its experiments will take a short break for the first of the two technical stops planned for the year. This will be an opportunity to carry out maintenance.
Source: CERN
Featured image: View of the LHC. Credit: Maximilien Brice/CERN
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