The 2012 Earth-orbiting heliophysics fleet

Since Sentinels of the Heliosphere in 2008, there have been a few new missions, and a few missions have been shut down. As of Fall of 2012, here’s a tour of the NASA Near-Earth Heliophysics fleet, covering the space from near-Earth orbit out to the orbit of the Moon.

The satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:

Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observations
Yellow: solar observations and imagery
Cyan: Geospace and magnetosphere
Violet: Heliospheric observations

Near-Earth Fleet:

Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS page
RHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS page
TIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth’s atmosphere.
FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.
CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere.
SORCE: Monitors solar intensity across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS page
RBSP: Designed to study the impact of space weather on Earth’s radiation belts. SVS page

Geosynchronous Fleet:

SDO: Solar Dynamics Observatory keeps the Sun under continuous observation at 16 megapixel resolution.
GOES: The newest GOES satellites include a solar X-ray imager operated by NOAA.

Geospace Fleet:

Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth’s magnetotail.
Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS page
THEMIS: This is a fleet of three satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. Two of the original five satellites were moved into lunar orbit to become ARTEMIS. SVS page
IBEX: The Interstellar Boundary Explorer measures the flux of neutral atoms from the heliopause.

Lunar Orbiting Fleet:

ARTEMIS: Two of the THEMIS satellites were moved into lunar orbit to study the interaction of the Earth’s magnetosphere with the Moon.

Note: A number of near-Earth missions had their orbits generated from Two-Line orbital elements valid in July 2012. Orbit perturbations since then may result in significant deviation from the actual satellite position for the time frame of this visualization.

Credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Source: LittleSDOHMI