Storage of water in artificial reservoirs shifted Earth’s rotational poles by 113 cm (44 inches) and caused a 21 mm (0.83 inches) global sea level drop between 1835 and 2011, according to new research published in Geophysical Research Letters on 23 May, 2025.
A study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) has revealed a significant shift in the Southern Ocean’s surface conditions. This shift is marked by a rapid increase in surface salinity and a corresponding decline in Antarctic sea ice extent. Based on satellite and ocean float data, the findings indicate that the Southern Ocean may have entered a new physical state not previously observed in the modern observational era.
More than 440 earthquakes have been recorded since June 17, 2025, within the Michoacán–Guanajuato Volcanic Field, specifically in the Tancítaro–Parícutin region of Michoacán, Mexico, in an ongoing seismic swarm associated with magmatic activity. The last eruptive period in the field occurred from 1943 to 1952 (VEI 4).
The Antarctic stratosphere is showing initial signs of disruption, as early warming waves form around a persistently cold polar vortex core. Further intensification and broadening of the anomalies are forecast for July 2025.
At least 130 people died and 160 remain missing, as of July 14, after major flooding affected Kerr, Travis, Burnet, and Kendall counties in central Texas between July 3 and 6, 2025. The floods were caused by extreme rainfall brought by the remnants of Tropical Storm Barry.
A new interstellar object, provisionally named A11pl3Z and approximately 20 km (12 miles) wide, has been confirmed as only the third known visitor from another star system to enter the Solar System.
An earthquake swarm with the strongest quake registered as an M4.6 quake struck the Campi Flegrei area in southern Italy on June 30, 2025, prompting evacuations and train delays in the region. It was the strongest tremor to strike the region in 40 years, surpassing the M4.4 quakes of March and May.
Snow blanketed Chile’s Atacama Desert on June 26, 2025, disrupting transport and closing schools across Tarapacá, Antofagasta, and Atacama regions.
A 26-year-old Brazilian tourist is trapped inside the crater of Mount Rinjani, an active volcano in Indonesia, since 06:30 local time (LT) on June 21, 2025, after falling approximately 500 m (1 640 feet) into a steep ravine near the crater rim. Rescue operations are still in progress.
A moderate eruption occurred at Mount Shinmoedake, part of the Kirishimayama volcano group in Kyushu, Japan, at approximately 16:37 JST (07:37 UTC) on June 22, 2025. The Japan Meteorological Agency reported an ash plume rising 500 m (1 640 feet) above the crater rim. The alert level remains at 2, with a 2 km (1.2 miles) exclusion zone around the crater.
